I dont know the ins and outs of their balancing justifications, but there are clearly 2 groups of jobs, with each all being fairly close to each other. The difference between BLM and RPR is quite small.
The thing with ranged and close combat melee is probably because ranged jobs, provided the player knows mechanics, are less likely to take stuff to the face compared to close melee who generally get hit by stuff more often. Or something like that.