On Sharlayan knowing:
Since "they would know" if the Final Days are upon us, does this mean that Sharlayan Astrologians will become part of the MSQ or will they ignore them? I guess our Sharlayan AST trainer in Ishgard will be totally ignored and we can't ask her for help due to MSQ/side story time bubble shenanigans? An easy way in for those that haven't started doing AST could be a rumour from one of the Houses of a Sharlayan petitioning their teachings to other Astrologians maybe?
Also, that sudden disowning shocked me, and I hope the twins' mother give him an earful when she learns of this.
On the Dreamer and Garlemald tower:
As others have said, I think it may be a reference to the Dream of the Fayth from FFX, and Anima?
The gate of the gods is most likely a portal to the moon and reside in the tower in Garlemald I think.
The gun-scythe looked cool.
The establishment of a new alliance:
That table and room seem to grow each time they have a meeting, or does the palace just have many rooms filled with tables of convenient sizes? Also, it kind of bothered me that all the non-Beast Tribe people were sitting, and none of the Beast Tribe representatives had a place to sit, even on some pillows, but I guess there were animation reasons.