[Spoilers, kind of] Characters who are completely different between JP/ENG

[Nestama]

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From what I've looked up, they went with numbers because of intuitiveness (numbers = order or learning), or something. I originally found it odd, but I've grown used to it (and when you look it up, only Japanese and English localisations are consistent with the spell naming convention. French and German seem to bounce back and forth with using numbers or suffixes/words)

• With the exception of Sacred Soil (Field Therapy Team) and maybe Lustrate (Life activation method), Adloquium and Succor in Japanese are pretty much the definition of the spells (Latin). Adloquium (Measures to encourage inspiration) is encouragement and Succor (Measures to raise morale) is "give assistance or aid to" which roughly has the same meaning.
• Changing Invincible to Hallowed Ground works better behind Paladin lore (sanctified, blessed, etc). Plus, in FFXI, Invincible was a lie... as it did not protect you from magic spells
• They probably replaced Doom with Scorn because Doom has some infamy in the FF franchise.
• I'm looking up Defender, but all I'm finding are weapons (sword), a Job (Bangaa using lance, Sentinel from XIII) and enemies. It was never an ability in English. Defiance works better for WAR due to the fact they use an Axe and do not use a shield (which would provide better defence). Deliverance is a tough one, though... though if you're still holding hate while in Deliverance, I guess you are still technically "rescuing" your group from danger and are helping by killing the monster faster (it still sounds tanky for a tank Job, even if it's technically DPS stance).
• I'm giving Infuriate a pass, as Warcry is inconsistent in the Final Fantasy franchise. In FFXI, it's an AoE party buff. In FFTA, it's an AoE debuff. In FFTA2, it's an AoE buff again. In FFXIII, it's an enemy ability that gives them Haste and Bravery. Also WAR lore or whatever.
• Which is probably why they went with Cleric and not Crusade (I don't think there's even much of a religion in FFXIV. Conjurers are mostly hippies with super powers).
• Protection of the Goddess... which kinda implies you'd be getting a defensive buff of sorts, when really all you're getting is MP. Shroud of Saints at least sounds 'White Magey' (they're kinda saint-like. Being kind and all that to those in need of heals). But now it's gone in place of Lucid Dreaming~

Fun fact, the French spell name for Combust is Superior Conjunction. I love it!