I have never looked up any guide for an 4-man dungeon, standard trial, hard mode trial, 8 man dungeon, or 24 man raids. It's so much more fun going into something with some mystery.

As far as gear... As a new player if he hasn't been doing dungeons- just fates and potd, I could see having some gear issues.

As far as class quest, the game never instructs you well that at 30 with an alternate class lvled to 15 you start getting more skills than listed on your actions page. I would suggest just talking to him.