1. There is no way to automatically move your character to a specific location, apart from where aetheryte crystals, airship/ferry npcs, and chocobo porters will take you.

2. You have to complete the level 10 class quest for the class you started as before you can change classes. After finishing that quest, you can talk to the NPC at any of the guild counters to officially join their guild and receive another gear set. Technically though, you only have to buy the main hand for the class you want and equip it, but you still have to finish your initial class's level 10 class quest.

3. I don't know how helpful the strategy guides are, but there's a plethora of information online. xivdb.com, xivwiki.com, gamerescape.com to name a few good fansites.