For the record my info is mixture of reading the front inside of the booklet and watching the intro cs of ffxiv, as well as looking at the map.

points of interest. Next to shar is a river which what the adventurers were fighting in (most likely). Ishgard is to the east of shar. The night of day was pretty noon after noon based on the lighting. The guy was knocked out and the gun ship thing he was in traveled and he woke up as the sun was setting. By the time the ship crashed wuth the dragon it looks like its night time. We know the ship itself is located in Mor Dhona.

Also take into consideration the direction of the dragon and ship came from. If there was a war going on aroud them, why would they bwe fighting a plant beast?

From these points of interest it looks like the areas around ishgard and dragon war spilled over to shar. Since its pretty close to Ish.