When are we supposed to stop fighting?

[Veloran]

There's more to spirituality than religion. There are many ways to come to terms with questions surrounding why we exist, or how to cope with suffering. In Thavnair, the common folk understand this through the sermons of their old gods, which is why Matsya starts the recitation. Has some Amaurotian scholar abstractly contemplated the philosophy around pain and loss? Possibly, but it seems less likely in a society that refuses to openly acknowledge their existence.

Amaurotine spirituality was centered around the idea that all life was in essence the blood of the star, and that their people should dedicate their lives to the improvement of the star before returning to it to be reincarnated. A random and unknown calamity destroying all life and the star itself simply isn't compatible with that ideology, the Ancients, dedicated to the star, had no excuses to justify suffering and loss leading to the star's own death. They couldn't just say "life is suffering to forge you into a stronger person", because they understood the cycle of life and reincarnation, and that no matter what hardships or achievements you have in life ultimately you are simply reborn anew with all of those experiences lost. Obviously they did contemplate the meaning of life and the notions of pain and loss, and their overall conclusion was that such things were justified by their purpose in life. The problem is that when stripped of their purpose through the oncoming death of everything and the excision of most of their people from the cycle of life, they naturally refused such an outcome. To say they should readily have rationalized utterly meaningless death is frankly nonsensical.

So here's the thing. Azem was branded as a traitor.

Nothing in that statement says Azem was branded a traitor. Rather they simply didn't record memories of Azem (the person), because they didn't think a defector was worth commemorating. By the by, the Ascians did actually have all fourteen seats filled back when we saw them all in 2.X.

is entirely dependent on warping the creations that they've created into blasphemies.

The Final Days didn't warp their creations into Blasphemes. Rather Terminus Beasts were created through their magic being forcibly usurped and the concepts being siphoned from their minds against their will. The quote you posted is nothing but speculation of how it might work, and note that it's not saying that it afflicted their creations, but rather their magicks themselves.