Hey everybody.
It's great to see the the localization (localisation!) forum heat up again. Having the opportunity to communicate with you guys is one of the best parts of my job (the paycheck and the free cookies being the other two

).
I'm going to avoid the topic of which name is better: "Maelstrom" or "Black Vortex Group" or "Stygian Swirl Sentries" or "Ebon Eddy Elite," just as I'm going to avoid the topic of which is a better translation/localization policy: stick to the JP or localize for maximum "kick-arseness." Everyone has their preferences, and I'm not one to say A is better than B or B is better than A. There is nothing I, or my colleagues, wouldn't give to have 100% of our users say "Duuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuude! Maelstrom RULES!" but we know that's nigh on impossible.
That said, the issue of loosely translated terms does rear its head every once and a while, so I'd like to toss out a bit of background info on how the naming process is handled here at Square Enix headquarters. Unlike a lot of games by Japanese developers which are translated after the game (or at least the text) is finished, the LOC team here works with the world planners during the early stages of lore creation. This, in effect, makes the naming of everything from NPCs and monsters, to locations and organizations, a joint effort. Once a concept is conceived and a bit of background info is created, name suggestions from both the planners and the LOC team begin pouring in. Usually one side will start off with a bunch of ideas, and then the other side will counter with their own. After a few back-and-forths, we usually arrive at something that we believe sounds good in both our languages, while remaining faithful to that original concept.
Because of this, you'll find the development side translating terms originating in EN back into JP almost just as often as you'll find the LOC team translating into EN terms that originated in JP. An example of this is the Grand Company Names--both the Maelstrom and the Order of the Twin Adder actually originated in EN and were translated into JP, while the Immortal Flames was taken from a Japanese word (不滅隊) that the lore-masters was quite smitten with.
Well then, where in the seven hells did "black" in come from!!!!!!?
I seem to recall that the kanji for "Black" was added to the JP Maelstrom translation to keep the three-kanji symmetry that the other two Grand Company names possessed. Another reason "black" was chosen was because of its use in the word 黒潮 (kuroshio), the powerful "black tide" current that swirls about Japan. So, in this case, "black" would mean "powerful," -> "powerful whirlpool" -> "maelstrom" -> localization GOLD.
I hope this helps to clear up some things.
Talk to you all again soon!
(Wow, these are starting to get as long as Yoshi-P posts... I hope he doesn't think I'm trying to steal his thunder...)
FUN FACT
Some other in-game terms that originated in EN: The Black Shroud

/ The Mizzenmast Inn / Maidenmere / Immodest Mouse