The Miqo'te and Au Ra I already went into a bit so I'll only cover the male miqo'te:
He's the "rugged, but short" type. The dashing rogue quick on his feet. Kind of a Miyamoto Musashi type. Kikuchiyo from Seven Samurai is a lot like this as well.
Midlander Hyur of both genders are the "base," the normal. Nothing much here. The men aren't too masculine and the women aren't too cute.
Highlander males are the "very masculine" type. These are the guys you see working out, etc. etc. They're kind of a universal ideal (minus the eyebrow thing) due to "tall and strong" being positive traits worldwide.
Highlander and Roe females are an interesting case. See, they're actually NOT a sort of feminine ideal in Japanese culture. Women don't normally have extremely well-built or tall physiques, with even the most athletic Japanese woman i've seen in my life bearing more of a resemblance to Midlander proportions. But they're a foreign ideal, and the 2.0 development team wisely realized the whole "no Highlander and Roe women" thing was nonsensical, so they got added.
Elezen males are the "tall and handsome" archetype. The brooding foreigner/pretty boy, more or less. They're exotic and unique, but they're also LEAN, which is an incredibly common trait and ideal in Japanese males.
Elezen females evoke the "smart older sister/mother" archetype. There's a reason one of the most notable female elezen in the game is a "motherly" character. They're exceptionally tall, but still rather lean. Again, for the ideals here the height should be taken out of the equation along with the ears.
Roegadyn males are the ULTIMATE MAN MEAT. There's always someone who finds that type attractive. The big, tall, boisterous bruiser type. Men want to be strong like him, and most straight women won't say no to the ripped musculature.
Lalafell are "cute." Japan is big on cute. Cute things are to be protected and cherished.
Which is why the fact that there are so many Lalafell antagonists in this game is incredibly hilarious.
Also yes being over about 185 cm is rough in Japan. Seriously that's the maximum height for a lot of things, and when you're that tall it becomes more practical to grab the bar the straps in the subway are attached to rather than the handles, for example.