Not sure if Musketeer will be in 2.4 or not, so including it here. All just speculation of course, certainly won't get most of them.

Musketeer: DPS Class -> Job(s): Corsair (DPS), Chemist (Healer).

Gladiator -> Probably a DPS job.

Conjurer -> Geomancer [DPS, Cures turn into water (or whatever element they're associated with) based attacks]

Marauder -> Dark Knight (DPS)

Pugilist -> Blackbelt (DPS)

Thaumaturge -> ???

Archer -> Ranger (DPS, no support abilities like bard).

Lancer -> Soldier (tank)

And surprise classes/jobs!

Fencer (DPS) -> Rune Fencer (tank) and Red Mage (hybrid DPS/healer)

Thief (DPS, NOT ROGUE) -> Dancer (DPS/Healer hybrid)

Orator (healer) -> Mystic (healer) and Arithmatician