Oh, well the aether accounts for the environmental repair, the lush plant life and all that, but you're right, it doesn't account for the fast repair of buildings and man-made things. It would be interesting to see more ruined/broken places in the actual cities of Limsa Lominsa and Ul'Dah.
There is that one big lighthouse in Western La Noscea:
and also in Western La Noscea there are some ruins of small cabin-like houses that are now infested with goblins or kobolds or something. I remember some lowbie quest saying those houses were destroyed in the Calamity.
There is actually a lot of environmental damage and evidence of the Calamity out in the game world.
But I would agree that it would have been cool to see some actual damage in the main cities. It is a little suspicious that they look perfectly pristine and even more decorated than they were before the Calamity, with not a broken structure in sight.
Also, apparently the part of Mor Dhona where the Battle of Cartenau took place isn't accessible in-game at all right now (edit: thanks Seig345). It'd be cool if they add that in and we can see ground zero where Bahamut landed, and all the destruction.