Exactly so much of the game has changed from what was originally envisioned. When you look back to interviews in early 2010 it is like the Dev team were talking about a completely different game. Even as late as June they were still talking about features that are completely missing. Tanaka even said the game would ship with at least a years worth of content but then everything started changing rapidly and things started getting pulled from the game. I don't know if it was because of feedback from the Alpha or Beta testing but something happened and made SE scramble.
Originally DoL/DoH were supposed to fight alongside DoM/DoW in battle. Though not as proficient in battle they we supposed to be able bring something to the party. They talked about how Miners would have THF like abilities like Treasure Hunter and Steal and Blacksmiths could sharpen weapons while it was in your hand. The Miner and Blacksmith descriptions were still on the Official FFXIV site for sometime after release before they were removed. Things like PUG's different fighting stances to give it different attack/defend tactics all sorts of things were all pulled at the last minute.
You wander around Eorzea and the evidence is all around that stuff has been crudely ripped out or blocked off with invisible walls. It's not that they don't have any content it's that they have stopped us from accessing it while they figure out what to do. I mean Chocobo's for example, maybe the reason we don't have access is because to rent them or whatever you might need a Chocobo Licence from Ishgard something as simple as that. As we can't access Ishgard we can't have Chocobo's. Why can we access Ishgard? Probably because it gives us access to other zones like Dravania much like Jeuno was in the middle maybe we aren't seeing what else Ishgard is linked to. Also any content they give us access to will have to be rebalanced if they make any changes to the battle system, which is exactly what they are doing.
They confirmed the PS3 version was ready to go in Oct/Nov but they still decided to hold it back until March, why? I think Tanaka believed he would have only needed 6 months to get the game back on track and get everything balanced. Unfortunately he didn't get the chance as the backlash was so huge SE had to do something to show they were serious about fixing the game so they replaced him with Yoshi P. While I do like Yoshi P. I can't help but wonder if with him being in control it is actually delaying things further. What I mean is that Yoshi P. might be changing so much of the core ie. Battle System that they have to go back now and completely reassess every bit of content they had ready to make sure it all works. I doubt we will ever know what caused the sudden shift in direction for FFXIV and the damage it has caused to the game.
Back on topic though and the reason for lack of End Game is that you can see they can't do anything until the Battle System is complete now and their hands are tied. If they release End Game content (even though R50 is temp End Game) then they will only have to re-balance it with the new system creating even more work for them. What we have is an empty shell of what FFXIV is supposed to be and if they had got done what they needed to do in the 6 month time frame they had originally given themselves we wouldn't be where we are now. I think at launch they had purposely put in low SP/EXP and fatigue at launch to slow us down so we wouldn't have so many R50's by the time the 6 months was up and the PS3 release shipped, however Yoshi P. has changed that now we get loads of SP/EXP everyone is flying up to R50 and now wondering why they have nothing to do when they get there.