For the extra bonus question, next time if your downloader stuck/show download/ error, you can try;
- Close downloader in proper way. Then restart. It seems can fix some ppl's download speed too slow problem.
- Locate your patch files @ /my game/ff14/download/patch/weird number and letters folder/ it's inside one of them
Find these H2013.07.02 files and copy them outside. Delete some maybe corrupted patch files then restart downloader. This will fix some stuck/corrupted problem for downloader. the corrupted one is usually the one you are downloading but r0. If you are not sure which one is broken, remove them all, and replace them one by one...replace, start downloader, close it, add next file. But

There are also some other language system problem, but it will only happen if you have japanese version of installer, sometimes...