Nice write-up, tip o' the craton to ya. I've nothing much to add right at the moment, unless we're soon handed out acid droppers and streak plates for ARR field work.
But I can have some musings with no substantiation!
First I wonder how much continental drift truly goes on in Hydaelyn. If we take the history of the astral and umbral eras with each era lasting a few thousand years, that doesn't leave a lot of time for drift to occur. Unless it's ridiculously fast (in which case we'd be seeing rapid active changes in the present), there is a time before the eras when Hydaelyn existed in a pre-historic state and the eras simply mark the beginning of written history, or my assumption about eras being roughly equal in time span is false (i.e. compare Pre-Cambrian to Cambrian, and sorry if I'm mixing eras/eons/periods it's been a while).
It's also clear that the aether and elemental affinities play a role in Hydaelyn geology/geography as well, something that obviously has no real world equivalent. Mor Dhona was lush forest not but 10 years ago but has since become a wasteland due only to the aetherial balance going out of whack... we can presume the region hasn't moved appreciably in latitude, etc or else Eorzean cartographers would be in quite a frustrated tizzy (either that or Ul'dahn merchants would wet their pants in excitement at the profit potential). So some things just won't quite match up to a pure sciencin'!