I had similar problems at the end of a mining leve i think it was in mid teleport the game kicked me and then whenever i tried to log in the game would start loading the character and then microsoft would pop up saying ffxiv has stopped working. Uninstalling the game and reinstalling it with the ffxiv disc fixed it so i guess in my case it was bad data in the files, for once the patcher was surprisingly fast only took a few hours.

I hope the issue can be resolved soon.