I should note that I hold basically two perspectives on this.

From a roleplaying perspective, it's generally just a safe and smart idea to assume that every expansion takes as long as it took to transpire in-game, and travel time takes as long as is narratively appropriate for our characters. So yes, about ten years have passed at this point.

But from a straight-up 'the story as it's given to us' perspective, the expansions go, from shortest to longest...
Shadowbringers: No significant confirmed travel times, and during the events of the story the Source is a 1:1 flow of time with the Source. It probably took a while, but also there weren't any off-screen time jumps. Genuinely, a major unknown to confirm here that would alter things is 'how long does the WoL sleep', because that actually accounts for a lot of time passing.
A Realm Reborn: Again, no major travel gaps, but ARR clearly took quite a while and has a lot of events in it. Probably took longer than Shadowbringers even if it also probably transpired mostly as we saw.
Heavensward: I believe there's mention that at least one of the airship trips in HW took quite some time, but I haven't reviewed it in a while. The pregnant woman's also fairly big as a detail.
Endwalker: Between the boat trip to Sharlayan and the journey to Garlemald, we've got two significant trips; no timeframe was mentioned for either, but looking at the map says they couldn't have been small.
Stormblood: If you don't think it's hilarious that Stormblood is the longest expansion chronologically, mostly because of boat trips, we have a fundamental comedic disagreement. By all logic this took months, plausibly longer than a year, although the length was probably front-loaded since the reason we went through Sirensong was because of the Garlean-controlled seas; since that was a problem we actively solved, chances are the Othardians' trip to Ala Mhigo was shorter than our own trip to Kugane.

But also, it's definitely been less than a year. Nashu told us that, and she would know!