
Originally Posted by
TheMightyMollusk
Y'shtola explicitly never attended the Studium and still got her Mark. I don't believe it was ever stated that Thancred or Yda (the real Yda, not Lyse) attended, either, and they have (or had) Marks.
A sidequest in Old Sharlayan spells out that Archons earn their Marks from a special trial in the city. The Studium is one way to earn the right to take the trial, but clearly it's not the only one.
I just played through that particular sidequest in the last week (the benefit and curse of having alts). The quest's name is Scholarly Perspective. The text that lays out the qualifications required are:
Those who have acquired mastery over specialized disciplines, or whose deeds have led to significant advances in their chosen field, are invited to enter said chamber and receive the title of “Archon.” We place great value on the pursuit of knowledge, and thus the Archons are held in especially high regard. As the embodiment of our ideals, they are permitted to browse the forbidden archives, and have ever stood at the center of our nation's greatest achievements.