You have done a mighty fine job on this rework.

The current issue that I see with the card system in Endwalker is that it is 3 completely independent systems that do not interact with each other. Your proposed system not only brings back all the systems together to form a common goal (Divination), but also re-introduces unique card effects in a healthy way. I also like how you have maintained the aspect of randomness that would be expected in a card-like system, but have also found a way that doesn't completely screw you over if you're unlucky (unlike Astrodyne). It also keeps the button real estate low, which would be a major boon.

I especially like the interaction with Minor Arcana. These extra boosts that come from drawing a specific card at a specific time really do increase the interactivity with the cards and require planning in order to use to their fullest extent.

A few things that I would suggest:

For Solar Draw, the balance-fishing problem is going to arise again. Objectively, the Balance is strictly better because of how good Crit is this expansion and how Direct Hit is no longer quite as good. I would suggest something that a flat damage increase of like 3%. This way, the Crit buff would be better under raid buff windows, but the flat damage buff would be better outside of said windows. You're still required to make a decision, but both have optimal usage.

For Knave of Crowns I would make it a raid-wide damage reduction rather than a barrier. The AST doesn't lack for healing, but does lack for mitigation, especially when movement is required. I also feel like it would mesh slightly better with the flavor of your two lunar cards.

All in all, fantastic job. You've come up with a great solution that not only keeps the card system interesting, but brings back the versatility while maintaining the the overall damage support.