So as someone who's actually really politically involved IRL, I mostly quite like the political concepts and leanings in FFXIV. A reasonable amount of it is very broadly based on real-world history, which is the source of a couple of problems.
Someone mentioned the Samurai questline, and the thing it touches on politically does have actual allusions to Japanese history; the main antagonist of the Stormblood stretch itself wants to agitate for a period that Japan actually did go through, that with hindsight we know went pretty bad (I'm not an expert on Japanese history, so I might be wrong, but I'm pretty sure I heard it's the Sengoku era). Bozja, similarly, has some roots in extremely specific times; it's Yasumi Matsuno tapping into his interest in the Yugoslav Wars that fueled his writing of the original Tactics Ogre, but there's some broader borrowings from late/post-USSR political environments. That whole time of 'everyone knows the occupying force is over, but nobody is quite sure what to do after'.
With other parts of the game we get a lot more broad, but generally speaking it feels like the world is in a roughly 1700s-1800s-esque time, when ideas of modern human decency and democracy are being realized as A Good Idea, but are still being figured out. Which personally, I like; you've got places like Ishgard and Ala Mhigo moving to what we start to recognize as modern democratic systems, but it's not a universal thing. Limsa's starting to learn the problems with colonialism (admittedly, a little bit earlier than happened IRL), both Hingashi and Doma are essentially Feudal Japan and have no great problems because of it. At the same time, we've got the soft-oppressive theocracy of Gridania showing no signs of stopping, and Ul'Dah, which really has no actual parallel in the real world but echoes of similar are all over the planet.
You've also got some points where it kinda grates on some people that the game world isn't as modern as we are. Perhaps most obvious there is the issue of slavery; some parts of FFXIV's world are coming to realize that's probably a bad thing, but not enough of it to actually see stoppage. Ul'Dah uses weasel words, Limsa can't muster enough political or military will to actually end what they know is wrong, Kugane is just overt about it and doesn't care, and Doma seems to be in a 'we'll let it keep going for now' position. I think we'd all like to see that issue is over in our escapist fiction, but FFXIV is realistic about it: its world just isn't there yet.


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