I believe you have identified several opportunities for the game in your comments. I agree that the guildleve system has always been an Achilles' heel. It is institutionalized at this point, and providers people a way to gain gil and experience points relatively easily, but I don't think it is "today" meant to be the primary content in the game, although I think in the past that was definitely the intent.
It sounds like from your post that you don't mind to skip quests and grind out some levels. I prefer this over quest leveling too, and especially over leve-leveling.
I suggest you do a couple of things
1. Find a guild that has a number of players that are your level. Almost any guild will have people that have jobs your level, even if they are already 50 on many of those jobs. Join up and if you still cannot get lower level groups, you can certainly work with your guild to power level your character up to a higher level. As a lot of us have been playing for a long time without a large influx of new players, there are probably not a lot of people searching for content at these lower levels.
2. Short of joining a guild that is proactive in helping you level up, you can certainly create pick up groups in Ul'dah if you are willing to put the time and effort into shouting. Eventually you will find people who are facing similar issues that you are.
These may not be the answers you are looking for. I don't disagree with your comments, but I do think this game is a lot more fun at higher levels, and with the support of a good guild to play with. Roaming FFXIV at low levels without a guild is a pretty empty experience.
Good Luck!