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    Player
    J-Dax's Avatar
    Join Date
    Aug 2015
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    Limsa Lominsa
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    20
    Character
    Jace Dax
    World
    Coeurl
    Main Class
    Astrologian Lv 59
    Quote Originally Posted by winsock View Post
    Snip
    Explaining why the probability is 1/2 for a fair coin
    We can see from the above that, if one flips a fair coin 21 times, then the probability of 21 heads is 1 in 2,097,152. However, the probability of flipping a head after having already flipped 20 heads in a row is simply 1⁄2. This is an application of Bayes' theorem.

    This can also be seen without knowing that 20 heads have occurred for certain (without applying of Bayes' theorem). Consider the following two probabilities, assuming a fair coin:

    probability of 20 heads, then 1 tail = 0.520 × 0.5 = 0.521
    probability of 20 heads, then 1 head = 0.520 × 0.5 = 0.521
    The probability of getting 20 heads then 1 tail, and the probability of getting 20 heads then another head are both 1 in 2,097,152. Therefore, it is equally likely to flip 21 heads as it is to flip 20 heads and then 1 tail when flipping a fair coin 21 times. Furthermore, these two probabilities are equally as likely as any other 21-flip combinations that can be obtained (there are 2,097,152 total); all 21-flip combinations will have probabilities equal to 0.521, or 1 in 2,097,152. From these observations, there is no reason to assume at any point that a change of luck is warranted based on prior trials (flips), because every outcome observed will always have been as likely as the other outcomes that were not observed for that particular trial, given a fair coin. Therefore, just as Bayes' theorem shows, the result of each trial comes down to the base probability of the fair coin: 1⁄2.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambler%27s_fallacy
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    Last edited by J-Dax; 08-29-2015 at 02:02 PM.