When i just started playing ffxiv i could not adjust to team chat color among all green and yellow messages combat generates, so i would miss most of chat during my first dungeon runs. SE should separate chat & important system messages from the combat junk by default.
People who act like jerks do not know any other way to communicate in certain circumstances (which is their flaw, not yours), so if you encounter one - just try to finish the dungeon and forget it.

As not a very new player i have to say there will be times more unhelpful and ignorant advices rather than helpful.
When taking an advice - pay attention why someone gives it. Either it is because you have an issue and he wants to help you (for example i tell healers to stoneskin self at the last boss in stone vigil). Or he gives you an advice how to help him (like saying to new tanks - i will aoe to kill faster so you just flash more) - this is not an advice and he just wants to finish the dungeon faster whatever it takes.

Also low level dungeons in ffxiv are close to failproof, many of them can be completed without a tank/healer or one dps in team. Experienced players should have no difficulties with new players and normally would not yell. Those who yell are usually quite mediocre themselves and need your help to progress.