Extreme Mode Primals quest which gives you an i90 weapon, reset on Monday
Bahamut's Coil Turns 1 - 5, can only complete them once per week until reset on Monday
Duty Finder Roulette, large bonuses (particularly XP or tomes) for the first time you do it, resets daily
Crystal Tower, no lockout but can only obtain one item a week until Monday's reset
Map gathering, random chance of gathering a map when you're level 40+, can only personally acquire one until it resets every 18 hours.
Leve Allowances, 6 per day
Beastmen quests, 6 per day, initially 3 max per tribe a day until you rank up
Supply missions, restocks choices daily