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ca. 1181 - Ul'dahn thaumaturges develop the Trader's Spurn, an alchemical concoction with the power to reanimate the dead. With this devastating weapon, they lay waste to Sil'dih.
ca. 1190 - After their triumph over Sil'dih, emissaries from a thriving Ul'dah board Lominsan-built ships and set sail for the Near East to establish trade.
- With the expansion of maritime trade, the number of Ul'dahn merchants taking the land-based eastern routes begins to decline, and Ala Mhigo struggles to sustain itself on the meager tolls.
ca. 1224 - Sasagan III is imprisoned and ousted as ruler of Ul'dah in a political coup. Baldric Thorne is crowned sultan, marking the beginning of the Thorne dynasty.
ca. 1267 - Baldric Thorne's only daughter Edvya disappears from the palace. Fearing the worst, the sultan orders a city-wide search for the princess. The Sultansworn eventually discover Edvya with the assistance of a young girl of low birth. The incident would later be remembered as the national holiday, "Little Lady's Day".
ca. 1270 - Ul'dah relocates its capital atop of the ruins of fallen Sil'dih.
ca. 1272 - The enslaved hecatoncheire giants of Copperbell Mines revolt against their masters when the enchantments on their helms wear off, and the miners force a cave-in of the lowest depths to seal the giants within. The mine is shuttered under the pretense that its veins have run barren.
ca. 1353 - Waves of undead pour forth from the Sil'dihn waterways beneath the city.
- Responding to a series of zombie attacks across Thanalan, the sultanate approaches its theretofore enemy, the Amalj'aa, with a proposal to join forces against the common undead foe. The Amalj'aa - eager to cleanse their sacred land of the foul corpses - accept the offer, and Zahar'ak is established as a joint garrison.
- Ala Mhigan mercenaries are contracted by Ul'dah in the sultanate's efforts to purge the city of the undead droves.
ca. 1355 - With the aid of the Ala Mhigan mercenaries, the sultanate at long last is successful in ridding the city of the undead.
- The Royal House of Thorne abdicates the throne and restores sovereignty to the House of Ul, marking the ascension of the second Ul Dynasty.
(From the entry on Ul'dah)
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A New Dynasty
Having brought an end to Ul'dah's troubles, Sasagan Ul Sisigan put the fell powder under close guard, and kept the truth of Sil'dih's end from the masses. The silence held for forty years, until Baldurf Thorne, a Hyuran of noble blood, learned the truth, and charged Sasagan for his crime. Startled, the aging ruler flew into a rage, and demanded the offender's head. However, no one lifted a finger, let alone a weapon, for Baldurf was known as a righteous man. Sasagan was imprisoned, and spent the rest of his days in the Marasaja Pit.
Those around Baldurf then asked him to serve as sultan. Though refusing at first, he eventually acquiesced on the condition that he would be a steward, ruling until the city-state was stable. The new sultan never made knowledge of the powder public, for fear that it would fall into the wrong hands. Instead, he established the Arbiters of Truth, a group devoted to preserving the the truth of Sil'dih's downfall for the future.
The Thorne Dynasty ruled for two hundred summers thereafter, and produced many ardent reformers. In 1270, one moved Ul'dah to almost directly above where her sister city-state had once stood. When undead rose from the ancient sprawling sewers of Sil'dih in 1353, another enlisted the aid of the Amalj'aa -- Ul'dah's fierce enemies. Given the beastmen's belief that Thanalan is sacred, they eagerly joined with the Ul'dahns to exterminate the impure presence. With this done, the Thorne heirs felt their sworn duty had come to an end, and returned rule to the Ul Dynasty.
The Syndicate
The Amalj'aa threat notwithstanding, Ul'dah gained control of Thanalan through the razing of neighboring Sil'dih. It was then that the city-state began to truly establish itself as a mercantile power, hiring sailors and purchasing Lominsan-wrought ships from as early as 1190. Soon, it had opened trade with Radz-at-Han and the rest of the Near East. Behind this was the guiding hand of the Thorne Dynasty, who had restored the Ul'dahn markets and overland trade routes after moving the city. Inheriting their vision, the second Ul Dynasty worked to better commerce, and under their rule the nation flourished.
It's interesting how the fictional author seems very favorable towards the Thorne Dynasty; it's a much more positive depiction of Baldric and the Arbiters than we got through Little Lady's Day and the Hildebrand questline. The writer even, rather sneakily, phrases things in a way to make it sound as if the Thornes were entirely behind Ul'Dah's rise as a trading super-power even though the sea trade began thirty-five years before under the Ul.