Originally Posted by Wikipedia
The long and short scales are two of several different large-number naming systems used throughout the world for integer powers of ten. The names are from the English translation of the French terms échelle longue and échelle courte. Many countries, including most in continental Europe, use the long scale whereas most English-speaking countries and Arabic-speaking countries use the short scale. In all such countries, the number names are translated into the local language, but retain a name similarity due to shared etymology.