1) Probably not. Indications are the retailer will be sending another retail code via email if you bought the digital download, and the code will be in print in the box if you bought a physical copy.
2) They have never done so for any of their other games so far, I don't see that changing. They also refuse to change your key if you have bought one that is from the wrong region.
3) 99% yes, version 1.0 was like that, so was FFXI
I am also a victim of GMG, was given a Euro key when I needed an NA key, and not allowed to exchange or get a refund. My only option is to risk a trade when I get my retail code, because I don't want to lose my existing longtime NA account and neither do I want to pay for subs in Euro currency. QQ

I wish had never heard of GMG, if I had purchased from Amazon I would not have any problems right now, and if I had, I would be able to easily cancel for a full refund.
EDIT: A lot of people are confusing the issue with the temporary problem where they received EU pre-access codes due to a bug in the websites. That was just a temporary problem that has been resolved. The problem is, some of us have been duped into buying a wrong region key with no option of cancelling. SqEx refuse to do anything to rectify this.