Now for the exposition.

Yes, we are dealing with a rather tribal and nomadic people. From what we can tell, the Seekers of the Sun more closely follow their original patriarchal culture that existed before the migration to Eorzea, while the Keepers of the Moon established their own matriarchal culture when settling in the Twelveswood and establishing a nocturnal lifestyle that better suited them in the forest. I suspect this is how the clans originally diverted.

Even in these diverted circumstances, both clans live predominantly in family units, but of differing sizes. A see a great deal of inspiration from ingeneous cultures, be it the nomadic peoples of North America and Australia, or the jungle tribes of the Amazon. Both cultures knew their native plants and environment backwards - their knowledge is often exploited by pharmaceutical companies when they "discover" a new plant that is rumoured to do xyz by the local people. Many of the world's great medical discoveries were made by investigating why small groups of people would do X when faces with Y. The Alchemists of Eorzea seem to be in this phase of incredible research.

We are a painted a picture where most of Eorzea's population of Miqo'te have not integrated with Eorzea society. This is also parallelled in some parts of the indigenous population of Australia - there are groups who remain in isolated communities because they either choose to or are unable to adopt western approaches. (The issue is highly politicised in Australia - the gap between those of western and indigenous descent comes up regularly and the focus is, quite rightfully, placed on providing opportunities and improving life expectancies rather than forcing assimilation.)

The presence of totems probably needs little exposition. The existence of these is particulalrly iconic of the north american cultures, but can also be found elsewhere. The act of migrating across frozen oceans during an ice age is also highly reminiscent of the background of early civilisations the world over.

So to wrap things up, it looks like very indigenous culture-inspired race, ranging from their lifestyles right through to their interactions with the other cultures and their historic arrivals.