Well, there is some clues as to the general make up of 'the rest of the world' that SE has provided on the official ARR website (in particular, the page on the Garlean Empire: http://eu.finalfantasyxiv.com/about/...garlean-empire ).

Specifically, from the information on the official site, it's stated that Hydaelyn consists of 'Three Great Continents', with Aldenard (and by extension, Eorzea) essentially at the 'centre' (very much like how the continents of Quon and Mindartia make up 'the 'Middle Lands' in FFXI), with the continents of Ilsabard to the north, and Othard to the east. Not to mention it's also been mentioned that there are smaller chains of islands stated as being to the west and south of Eorzea as well.

It should also be noted that it appears that Aldenard is the only continent in Hydaelyn not completely occupied or controlled by the Empire of Garlemald. In any event, I'd love to see a complete world map for Hydaelyn too, but considering FFXI's Vana'diel still doesn't have a complete world map even after ten years, I don't like our chances sadly.