Buying one currency with another currency is, by definition, currency exchange. What we saw with the recent Atomos event and correction was apparently due to the fact that XIV currently has, essentially, 2 currencies - gil and seals (technically 4 since each bset of seals is distinct). You can buy items with each of these currencies and each has a value. We don't have a perfect exchange at the moment, since you cannot buy seals with gil, the recent event has demonstrated that you can buy gil with seals. This is possible of course, because you can buy an item with seals and sell it for gil. The reality of this causes a number of problems, and I suggest that in ARR saleable items be isolated to 1 currency only - gil.
Currently there is no logic to the accidental "exchange rate". If you spend 1000 seals on Dried Prunes, you will get 500 Dried Prunes, which can be sold for 33,000 gil.
But if you buy Dawn Drops you net 83,333 gil, and if you buy Blood Drops you net 88,000 gil. (There are a whole host of different rates depending on what is purchased).
This inefficiency leads to exploiting, but also leads to accidents like we saw with Atomos. SE has to try to balance a host of unknown exchange rates (there are >20 at the moment) - when it even considers the issue. And with >20 exchange rates something is bound to be forgotten.
This also opens the door to botting in a different currency. If these are left in place you can have farmers selling gil and/or selling seals, etc. Then SE needs to combat both, and worry about botting exploits in the secondary currency.
The fix (I think) is to make all saleable items sold for gil only. And make any secondary "currency" untradeable. Then, add a currency exchange NPC who buy (at a set rate although to make things interesting it could fluctuate slightly), for example seals, for gil.
This doesn't materially change the dynamics - as you can still have GC NPCs selling GC gear (or items) exclusively to people of a certain GC rank/affiliation. But it would simply the economy and, hopefully, prevent unintentional exploits down the line.

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