I would say, it’s probably Ascian origin/post sundering Ascian. Possibly Allagan.. Cleretic covers it really well:
1) it is clearly Azem’s symbol shown. Doesn’t mean it is their device per se, but it clearly is recognizing something (our character or the crystal we carry, who knows). Like Cleritic says it could easily have reacted to, say, Logriff.
2) it very clearly has the Ascian spiral motifs seen in Amaurot and Elpis. Not perfect 1:1 but close enough.
But, 3) Of note, we can date the artifact to the 5th Calamity of ice. This is very specifically the calamity following the one that dropped the Allagan. So…while I hate to say it, it could have roots in Allagan tech, and the outer bits of the “chalice” do have that blue/black Allagan feel in color. Perhaps discovered between the 4th and 5th calamity by ancient Lalafel.
If I had to guess WILDLY, I would say it’s the original key to control the Crystal Tower as a dimensional teleporter. Essentially what Psuedo-Alexander was built to be in the dark future timeline.
If we remember, the Crystal tower was meant to collect solar power, so the symbol might be less of a nod to Azem and more just “the sun” in general…but it’s too on the nose I think not to be Azem.
If nothing else this sets us up to reunite with the first, as well as future jaunts into the 13th.