The literal only location in the entire game where you can do "open world" PvP against other players, is in Wolves' Den Pier, in a designated arena that you have to choose to walk into, and even when there, you have to agree to a Duel.

Aside from that, all PvP in FFXIV is player-initiated opt-in, through the assorted PvP options in the Duty Finder.

There is no option to disable PvP on character profiles for these reasons.