Since I played a LOT of FFXIV during grad school I figure it's only fitting that I have ideas, and speculation regarding the New World as a historian of Indigenous history and the American West/Borderlands. This is going to be long and I'll try to break it out under subheadings where appropriate...
The land itself...
What we know about the New World is it bears resemblance to the American West from Canada through Mexico. There are two known races there, the Whalaqee (Hyur tribe) and the Mamool Ja (angry stab-lizards). The former, the Whalaqee, are represented in various ways as analogous to American Indigenous people with elements of animism (ceruleum worship in this case) and a history of trader-spawned disease. The latter, the Mamool Ja, are a cultural mishmash of somewhat cosmopolitan beastmen who are sophisticated and curious about the world around them.
The Lapis Canyon that is revered by the Whalaqee suggests that our first encounter with the New World will involve something akin to both the myth of El Dorado (and other legendary cities) and the historic mountain Potosi in what is now Bolivia which was said to be made entirely of silver and which became the dominant source of silver in the "old" world for decades when Spain created a mint there. The local animist beliefs about the mountain managed to persist through to the modern era, in spite of Spanish attempts at squashing it.
We also have a good idea of the kind of access there is to the continent, as Ketenramm the Blue, who "discovered" the land anew after centuries, has a journey akin to exploration of the rim of the Gulf of Mexico. We know this is the reference because New World "fashion" is styled after, well, okay, it's styled after my family's tribe, the Comanche Nation, and other tribes of the American Great Plains, which stretches from Canada down into Mexico. The Comanche were known for skill in battle and mastery of new battle techniques that allowed us to spread all over the Great Plains: steel plate, horses, guns, etc.. Ketenramm manages to parlay with the Mamool Ja and learns of the reciprocity of gift-giving. In this way we can say that the Whalaqee represent the less-understood tribes of the West while Ketenramm, an amalgamation of Era of Exploration sailors and Erik the Red, has contact reminiscent of the Norse in the 11th Century A.D., so we can safely imagine the Mamool Ja to be roughly based culturally on more eastern tribes and those of the Maritime in Canada--something like the Beothuk or Dorset Culture.
The People...
We already touched upon the people at length above so I won't belabor my understandings and theories. I am certain that with the New World expansion there will be an additional class of Hyur available to people (and not a Mamool Ja race like folks have always asked for) and I think that they will be integral to mainstreaming the Blue Mage as a Ranged DPS versus a somewhat boutique class.
(cont...)