Since the original post, I have been able to get the game to run. However, I've had two instances where the launcher reset to default, requiring me to indicate that I did in fact have an SE account.

Fixes tried:

switching off dx11 support (continued to crash)
reboot machine (no change)
verifying windows is up to date (no change)
verifying video drivers (no change)
Ran restore option from ffxiv launcher settings (success)

Once the restore was completed, the game was able to load properly and without crashing. However, the game is a little laggy, though that seemed to be due to virtualization being enabled. For reasons unknown at this time, enabling virtualization in the bios settings causes the game to lag. The odd launcher behavior has so far not occurred since the initial login after the restore. I had run DxDiag while the problem was ongoing. If you would still like to see the output file, I can post it.