What about translation mods?

[Absurdity]

May fall into how it's done. I know some titles where modders figured out how to modify the actual in game text. These ran risks of tripping flags since it was file alteration. Most cases the translations were done by a community and in some cases they'd have to fix it after just about every patch update to the game title.

I've seen others however that look like it just places an additional overlay on the display that reads text on screen then autoruns it through something like google translate then places it on screen similar to subtitles or closed captions.

Either of them would still be in violation of the ToS, doesn't matter if one method is more invasive than the other.

I'm not making a value judgement here, if you need to use a 3rd party translation tool to play the game in the first place then who am I to stop you? Nobody is probably ever going to find out. But going strictly by what the ToS allows you to do then no, unofficial translations of the game are not allowed.