If I'm not mistaken, our current Eorzean map is not home to the origin city of any of the races, except for the Elezen. It's hard to get a sense or feel for the culture if we can't visit the home cities. All of the races do have their own lore though, problem is hardly anyone pays attention to it. Hell it's in the manual or on the main site, the most basic and early resources we got gave us some decent base lore.

True they didn't release the opposite genders for Miqo'te and Roegadyn at launch but there was lore stating that they have existed since launch. If I'm not mistaken, Galka have never been stated to have ever had female counterparts. Roegadyn have always had them though.