Most of the "shared traits" you suggest are pure conjecture. Things like "Ratatoskr hypothetically might have flown high enough to reach another shard" is not evidence of a link between anything. Certainly not that the writers intended that to be a hint that Au Ra are truly draconic.
Nor is the fact that Au Ra are nomadic any exclusive sign of a connection to Ratatoskr - and in any case there are plenty that are not. We've seen settled populations in Sui-no-Sato, Thavnair, Werlyt, apparently Hingashi. Claiming "nearly all of them at least have a sense of wanderlust" has zero basis in canon. You're inventing facts and then claiming those facts are proof of your theory.
As already raised in another reply, the ability to breathe underwater comes from the blessing of the Kojin. It does not require any sort of draconic adaptation trait at all.
For the Angura tribe, developing a particular skin tone in response to constant light glare off the glaciers sounds far more like the natural human skin response to light: developing a tan, or possibly whatever passes for one when you don't have a human skin colour to begin with.
And the Qalli tribe are no proof of anything. Humans attach meaning to music. Birds communicate through song. Just because dragons do it doesn't mean that's where the tribe got the idea from. Do we also need to ascribe all the other Xaela tribal traditions to draconic origins? It's just another quirky tribe identity in a long list of quirky tribe identities.
Where are you even getting this from?
We have no reason to think that Au Ra do anything other than age like normal humans. We've seen young and old Au Ra. We've seen Yugiri's parents (aged 50 and 48) and Temulun (70) and they have specific "old" faces not available to players. We are told when playable races have strange ageing patterns like Elezen being a little slower than most, or Viera living for centuries. There has not been a single mention of Au Ra ageing slowly.
It is not "the only plausible answer".
Dragons in the World of Darkness appear to have been put there by the Allagans, along with the assortment of clones and sacrifices also seen in the same raid.
The only "Falaks" I can recall seeing in the Tempest are of the same model as the Tatsunoko of the Ruby Sea - and the lorebook (vol.2 p.256) specifically says that they possess "none of the blood of the First Brood". Therefore, looking like a dragon does not automatically mean a creature has any relation to the beings descended from Midgardsormr, and it is quite possible to find these non-alien "dragons" on all of the shards - and people may call them dragons regardless.
Words in one language can sound like unrelated words in another language, and "Drahn" could be one such neat coincidence with a side of meta teasing. We have seen no other signs of the language. The one known Drahn culture (admittedly Drahn-cross-Galdjent) is Voeburt, which borrows from German language, and Drahn names seem European. (For all we can know, it's plausible that the idea of dragons exists in the First and the Drahn were likewise compared to them and thus derived their name from them - perhaps very hypothetically at whatever time their ancestors came to Voeburt from the Far East, losing whatever name they previously had in their own country. I'm not asserting this as canon, just pointing out that it's every bit as easy to invent a counter-argument, so you cannot state with certainty that Drahn=Dra[n].)
And the "so many otherwise dragon-exclusive traits" are mainly according to your own list of ideas.
I've already said earlier that the game text says Auri horns are unlike dragon horns, so they are not a shared trait, just superficially similar. They have tails, but so do Miqo'te. They have scales, which is indeed unique among the playable races, but I would disagree that they are comparable to dragon scales. I've long said that it seems better to equate them to scaly mammals like armadillos or pangolins - I think the scales bear a closer resemblance to those than to reptiles.
We don't know anything about "when Au Ra came to be" relative to the other races.
I suspect you are muddling this with Vrtra's account of when the various races arrived specifically in Thavnair.
Just because the things you claim as "evidence" are from official sources does not mean that your interpretation of them is official.
"More clans" doesn't necessarily mean "more appearances". We've long had the Ishgardian Elezen, who aren't related to the Wildwood clan but use Wildwood models, and the Ilsabardian and Hannish Au Ra populations would seem to be in the same vein.
Also I don't think the character creator can handle more than two clans of a race.