https://imgur.com/a/c9oxF1d
https://ffxiv.gamerescape.com/wiki/Common_Mechanics

You can lookup a guide for every dungeon, trial and raid from https://www.youtube.com/c/MTQcapture/videos but be aware that it can spend minutes explaining a mechanic that is obvious when you see it and lasts a split second, so it can create as much anxiety as it solves.

A lot of mechanics are designed to be obvious or introduce themselves to you and then get added together to test if you understood them.