Alright,
Since I have two characters, I tried to login to the one (Cortasha Shadowwraith) that has been stuck in the loading error.
As expected the game crashed, again and following error popped up : "An unexpected error has occured. Exiting Final Fantasy XIV.(17)"

Then I proceeded with deleting all the locally saved content (like you asked me to do so).
After that I tried to log in with Cortasha, again and the game crashed, like the other times.

Just to make sure, did I login with Aryn Wraithverge (which was located in "New Gridania") and the game loaded normally but I expect that IF I port back to the Wolves' Den Pier, the game will most likely crash, again.