Installing the game on the C drive may fix the error (it did for me), if that is something you can afford to do. If you cannot do that, I asked in my ticket how Square Enix intends to properly fix it. Hopefully, they will come back with a reply to my thread (same section of the forum).
Good luck!

PS: There are many, many crash report variants on the forum from what I can tell.
The specific error code trail I consistently get (that I think is the exact same in screenshots from the OP) is the following one:

An unexpected error has occurred. Exiting Final Fantasy XIV. Date.
ffxiv_dx11.exe+1295E78
ffxiv_dx11.exe+129846E
ffxiv_dx11.exe+129AF35
ffxiv_dx11.exe+45CCDC
ffxiv_dx11.exe+191762
ffxiv_dx11.exe+1364339
KERNEL32.DLL+16FD4
ntdll.dll+4CEC1