Nothing changed since last opening the app. I closed the app, came back an hour later, and then tried to reopen the app and it wouldn't open.

For the troubleshooting steps:

1) Since this is a Mac, the graphic card drivers are baked into the OS. The process to manually update them is convoluted and not recommended.
2) FFXIV is the only app running.
3) I currently do not have anti-virus software installed.
4) I have attempted to reboot the computer both regularly and in single user mode without success.

I have confirmed that the launcher opens on my 2 older computers which are still running macOS Mojave 10.14.5 and this seems to be an issue with Catalina.