After having reinstalled the game, and made sure to remove the locally-saved data folder (located My Documents > My Games > Final Fantasy XIV) I still get the exact same error message.
The install was done from a clean boot with no other applications running. And I immediately attempted to boot in directX11 but to no avail.
Here is a system report taken just after the installation finished.
-=-=-=-=-=-=- FFXIV Information -=-=-=-=-=-=-
MyDocument C:\Users\Casper\Documents
FINAL FANTASY XIV - A Realm Reborn Language 1 Region 3
ProxyEnable 0
ProxyServer unspecified
ProxyOverride <local>;*.local
-=-=-=-=-=-=- System Information -=-=-=-=-=-=-
SYSTEM_OS Windows 10 Home 64-bit (6.2, Build 9200) (18362.19h1_release.190318-1202)
SYSTEM_CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790K CPU @ 4.00GHz (8 CPUs), ~4.0GHz
SYSTEM_CORE_NUM SYSTEM_CORE_LOGIC 8 SYSTEM_CORE_PHYSICS 4
SYSTEM_BIOS BIOS Date: 10/09/14 11:05:36 Ver: 25.07
SYSTEM_LANGUAGE English (Regional Setting: English)
SYSTEM_MEMORY 16327.082MB
SYSTEM_VIRTUAL_MEMORY 134217727.875MB
SYSTEM_PAGE_FILE 19271.082MB
SYSTEM_STORAGE C:\ SYSTEM_HARDDISK_DRIVE SYSTEM_TOTALDISC_SPACE 464.914GB SYSTEM_FREEDISC_SPACE 77.462GB
SYSTEM_STORAGE F:\ SYSTEM_HARDDISK_DRIVE SYSTEM_TOTALDISC_SPACE 1863.015GB SYSTEM_FREEDISC_SPACE 669.700GB
SYSTEM_DIRECTX_VERSION DirectX 12
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_DEVICE \\.\DISPLAY1
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_CHIP GeForce GTX 980
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_MAKER NVIDIA
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_VRAM 4053.313 MB
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_SHARED_VRAM 8163.541 MB
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_DAC Integrated RAMDAC
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_DISPLAY_MODE 1920 x 1080 (32 bit) (60Hz)
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_DRIVER C:\WINDOWS\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nv_dispi.inf_amd64_63268710a2dc3648\nvldumdx.dll,C:\WINDOWS\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nv_dispi.inf_amd64_63268710a2dc3648\nvldumdx.dll,C:\WINDOWS\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nv_dispi.inf_amd64_63268710a2dc3648\nvldumdx.dll,C:\WINDOWS\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nv_dispi.inf_amd64_63268710a2dc3648\nvldumdx.dll
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_DRIVER_VERSION 26.21.0014.4575
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_DRIVER_DATE 3/17/2020 01:00:00
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_DRIVER_LANGUAGE English
3.0
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_PIXEL_SHADER 3.0
SYSTEM_GRAPHICS_VERTEX_TEXTURE SYSTEM_SUPPORT
SYSTEM_SOUND Headphones (2- SteelSeries Arctis 7 Game)
SYSTEM_SOUND_DEVICE_ID {D9061A1D-58F7-49A5-B911-3DC18C004E50}
SYSTEM_SOUND_DEVICE_NAME USBAUDIO.sys
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_VERSION 6.02.18362.0001
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_LANGUAGE English
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_DATE 10/17/2016 00:00:00
SYSTEM_SOUND Headset Earphone (2- Arctis 7 Chat)
SYSTEM_SOUND_DEVICE_ID {0039F301-FA94-4B5A-8C0D-15C42A4CF4A9}
SYSTEM_SOUND_DEVICE_NAME USBAUDIO.sys
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_VERSION 6.02.18362.0001
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_LANGUAGE English
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_DATE 3/18/2019 00:00:00
SYSTEM_SOUND Realtek Digital Output (Realtek High Definition Audio)
SYSTEM_SOUND_DEVICE_ID {8212D4BF-63D0-4A00-8B61-4CDC4BD5BA80}
SYSTEM_SOUND_DEVICE_NAME RTKVHD64.sys
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_VERSION 6.00.0001.7354
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_LANGUAGE English
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_DATE 9/30/2014 00:00:00
SYSTEM_SOUND Headset Earphone (DUALSHOCK®4 USB Wireless Adaptor)
SYSTEM_SOUND_DEVICE_ID {873B86C5-944D-4E8E-BBFA-5503634DB512}
SYSTEM_SOUND_DEVICE_NAME USBAUDIO.sys
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_VERSION 6.02.18362.0001
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_LANGUAGE English
SYSTEM_SOUND_DRIVER_DATE 3/18/2019 00:00:00
SYSTEM_INPUT {6F1D2B60-D5A0-11CF-BFC7444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME Mouse
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 3 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 5 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {6F1D2B61-D5A0-11CF-BFC7444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME Keyboard
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 128 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {DDE1B560-B2E1-11E4-8001444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME SteelSeries Apex Gaming Keyboard
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {467E5FD0-AC39-11E7-8001444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME DUALSHOCK®4 USB Wireless Adaptor
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 6 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 14 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 1
SYSTEM_INPUT {DDE42660-B2E1-11E4-8004444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME SteelSeries Apex Gaming Keyboard
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 4096 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {A82A4840-8602-11E8-8001444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME SteelSeries Rival 110 Gaming Mouse
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {5EF33A00-E9AA-11E7-8001444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME SteelSeries Arctis 7
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 5 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {5EF36110-E9AA-11E7-8002444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME SteelSeries Arctis 7
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {46B7AE40-D89F-11E4-8003444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME SteelSeries Apex Gaming Keyboard
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 265 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {A82C1D00-8602-11E8-8002444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME SteelSeries Rival 110
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 265 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
SYSTEM_INPUT {1769B510-E9DC-11E7-8004444553540000}
SYSTEM_INPUT_NAME SteelSeries Arctis 7 Bootloader
SYSTEM_INPUT_REMARKS SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_AXIS 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_BUTTON 0 SYSTEM_GAMEPAD_FOV 0
-=-=-=-=-=-=- Application Information -=-=-=-=-=-=-
FFXIVLauncher
Microsoft Text Input Application
-=-=-=-=-=-=- Install Information -=-=-=-=-=-=-
Adobe Digital Editions 4.5
Adobe Flash Player 32 NPAPI
Adobe Flash Player 32 PPAPI
Battle.net
Diablo II
Diablo III
foobar2000 v1.3.9
Google Chrome
Hearthstone
Heroes of the Storm
ASUS GPU Tweak
GPUTweakStreaming
jGRASP
NETGEAR Genie
OBS Studio
OpenAL
Overwatch
qBittorrent 3.2.0
Skype version 8.54
Steam
Dark Souls: Prepare to Die Edition
Grim Dawn
Desktop Dungeons
Warframe
BattleBlock Theater
Rocket League
Darkest Dungeon
Street Fighter V
QP Shooting - Dangerous!!
DRAGON BALL XENOVERSE
DARK SOULS™ II: Scholar of the First Sin
Clicker Heroes
Punch Club
Counter-Strike: Global Offensive
Uplay
Virtual MIDI Piano Keyboard
VLC media player
Warcraft III
Zotero Standalone 4.0.29.10 (x86 en-US)
OpenOffice 4.1.1 Language Pack (Danish)
Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 Redistributable (x64) - 12.0.30501
Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 x86 Minimum Runtime - 12.0.21005
Dolby Axon - 1.5.1.1
Apple Software Update
Samsung Magician
FINAL FANTASY XIV ONLINE
Pokémon Uranium
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 x86 Minimum Runtime - 11.0.50727
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 Redistributable (x86) - 11.0.61030
Teams Machine-Wide Installer
Star Wars: The Old Republic
HiPatch
Hi-Rez Studios Authenticate and Update Service
Intel® Chipset Device Software
Epic Games Launcher
ASUS GPU Tweak
Apple Application Support (32-bit)
RGSS-RTP Standard
Google Update Helper
Lunatic Pandora version 1.0
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 x86 Additional Runtime - 14.0.24215
Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Redistributable
GOG Galaxy
Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Redistributable
Path of Building version 1.4.49
Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Redistributable
Realtek Ethernet Controller Driver
Office 16 Click-to-Run Extensibility Component
Office 16 Click-to-Run Localization Component
Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable - x86 9.0.30729.17
RPGXP
Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Redistributable
Google Update Helper
Adobe Reader 9
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 x86 Additional Runtime - 11.0.61030
PoESkillTree - Ascendancy
WestwoodOnline
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 x86 Minimum Runtime - 14.0.24215
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 x86 Minimum Runtime - 11.0.61030
Launcher Prerequisites (x64)
ASUS Product Register Program
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 Redistributable (x64) - 11.0.61030
GPUTweakStreaming
Samsung Data Migration
CCEnhancer version 4.5.4
Microsoft XNA Framework Redistributable 4.0 Refresh
Apex Legends
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable (x64) - 14.0.24215
PoESkillTree - Atlas of Worlds
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable (x86) - 14.0.24215
Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 x86 Redistributable - 10.0.40219
Realtek High Definition Audio Driver
Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 Redistributable (x86) - 12.0.30501
Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 x86 Additional Runtime - 12.0.21005
OpenOffice 4.1.1
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 x86 Additional Runtime - 11.0.50727
Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable - x86 9.0.21022
poe-overlay 0.6.7
7-Zip 16.04 (x64)
AutoHotkey 1.1.32.00
CCleaner
GIMP 2.10.14
ImDisk Virtual Disk Driver
Mozilla Firefox 57.0.1 (x64 en-US)
Mozilla Maintenance Service
Microsoft Office 365 ProPlus - da-dk
Dota Underlords
Destiny 2
Killing Floor 2
Shadow Warrior
Path of Exile
FINAL FANTASY III
Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel
The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt
FINAL FANTASY XIII
FINAL FANTASY XIII-2
FINAL FANTASY IV
FINAL FANTASY IV: THE AFTER YEARS
FINAL FANTASY X/X-2 HD Remaster
Divinity: Original Sin Enhanced Edition
DARK SOULS™ III
FINAL FANTASY IX
SMITE
TEKKEN 7
FINAL FANTASY VII
FINAL FANTASY VIII
Punch Club
Stardew Valley
Divinity: Original Sin 2
Nioh: Complete Edition
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Special Edition
Borderlands 2
Moirai
Deep Rock Galactic
Warhammer: Vermintide 2
Alien Swarm: Reactive Drop
Dota 2
MONSTER HUNTER: WORLD
Portal 2
MORDHAU
DRAGON BALL FighterZ
Neverwinter Nights: Enhanced Edition
SteelSeries Engine 3.16.1
Vulkan Run Time Libraries 1.0.3.0
WinRAR 5.21 (64-bit)
Apple Application Support (64-bit)
Update for Windows 10 for x64-based Systems (KB4023057)
Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 x64 Redistributable - 10.0.40219
MPC-HC 1.7.9 (64-bit)
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 x64 Additional Runtime - 11.0.61030
poe-overlay 0.6.10
Intel(R) Rapid Storage Technology
Intel(R) Chipset Device Software
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 x64 Minimum Runtime - 14.0.24215
Bonjour
Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable - x64 9.0.30729.6161
Java SE Development Kit 8 Update 60 (64-bit)
Epic Games Launcher Prerequisites (x64)
Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable - x64 9.0.30729.17
Classic Shell
Office 16 Click-to-Run Licensing Component
Office 16 Click-to-Run Extensibility Component 64-bit Registration
Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 x64 Additional Runtime - 12.0.21005
iCloud
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 x64 Minimum Runtime - 11.0.50727
Movie Maker 6.0 for Windows 7 (64-bit)
Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 x64 Minimum Runtime - 12.0.21005
ScpToolkit
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 x64 Additional Runtime - 11.0.50727
Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Redistributable (x64)
Microsoft HEVC Media Extension Installation for Microsoft.HEVCVideoExtension_1.0.2512.0_x64__8wekyb3d8bbwe (x64)
NVIDIA Ansel
NVIDIA Control Panel 445.75
NVIDIA Graphics Driver 445.75
NVIDIA GeForce Experience 3.20.2.34
NVIDIA Optimus Update 38.0.4.0
NVIDIA PhysX System Software 9.19.0218
NVIDIA Update 38.0.4.0
NVIDIA SHIELD Streaming
NVIDIA HD Audio Driver 1.3.38.26
NVIDIA Install Application
NVIDIA ABHub
NVIDIA Backend
NVIDIA Container
NVIDIA TelemetryApi helper for NvContainer
NVIDIA LocalSystem Container
NVIDIA Message Bus for NvContainer
NVIDIA NetworkService Container
NVAPI Monitor plugin for NvContainer
NVIDIA Session Container
NVIDIA User Container
NVIDIA Display Container
NVIDIA Display Container LS
NVIDIA Display Watchdog Plugin
NVIDIA Display Session Container
NVIDIA NodeJS
NVIDIA Watchdog Plugin for NvContainer
NVIDIA Telemetry Client
NVIDIA Virtual Host Controller
Nvidia Share
NVIDIA ShadowPlay 3.20.2.34
NVIDIA SHIELD Wireless Controller Driver
NVIDIA Update Core
NVIDIA Virtual Audio 4.13.0.0
Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 x64 Minimum Runtime - 11.0.61030
Intel(R) Rapid Storage Technology
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 x64 Additional Runtime - 14.0.24215
-=-=-=-=-=-=- Proccess Information -=-=-=-=-=-=-
C:\Program Files (x86)\NVIDIA Corporation\NvNode\NVIDIA Web Helper.exe 00002808
C:\Program Files (x86)\Samsung\Samsung Magician\SamsungMagician.exe 00002D6C
C:\Program Files (x86)\SquareEnix\FINAL FANTASY XIV - A Realm Reborn\boot\ffxivlauncher.exe 000011E4
C:\Program Files (x86)\SquareEnix\FINAL FANTASY XIV - A Realm Reborn\boot\ffxivsysinfo64.exe 00002304
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA Corporation\NvContainer\nvcontainer.exe 00002064
C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\AudibleInc.AudibleforWindowsPhone_10.5.56.0_x64__xns73kv1ymhp2\AudibleRT.WindowsPhone.exe 000031CC
C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.YourPhone_1.20022.82.0_x64__8wekyb3d8bbwe\YourPhone.exe 000025C4
C:\WINDOWS\Explorer.EXE 00001588
C:\WINDOWS\System32\svchost.exe 00002D34
C:\WINDOWS\SystemApps\InputApp_cw5n1h2txyewy\WindowsInternal.ComposableShell.Experiences.TextInput.InputApp.exe 00003E50
C:\WINDOWS\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.Cortana_cw5n1h2txyewy\SearchUI.exe 00002138
C:\WINDOWS\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\StartMenuExperienceHost.exe 00001C70
C:\WINDOWS\SystemApps\ShellExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\ShellExperienceHost.exe 000037D4
C:\WINDOWS\system32\ApplicationFrameHost.exe 00000BD4
C:\WINDOWS\system32\DllHost.exe 000031FC
C:\WINDOWS\system32\SearchFilterHost.exe 00001254
C:\WINDOWS\system32\SearchProtocolHost.exe 00004270
C:\WINDOWS\system32\SettingSyncHost.exe 00000E50
C:\WINDOWS\system32\conhost.exe 00002848
C:\WINDOWS\system32\ctfmon.exe 00000B3C
C:\WINDOWS\system32\sihost.exe 00000AEC
C:\WINDOWS\system32\svchost.exe 00001778
C:\WINDOWS\system32\taskhostw.exe 00000F04
C:\Windows\System32\RuntimeBroker.exe 00001544
C:\Windows\System32\smartscreen.exe 00002FA0