Final Boss of "The Twinning" Hunting for lore (Spoilers)

[Iscah]

For what it's worth, once you get Alexander's Wings of Time working (and the Ironworks had direct access to all but the primal core of Alexander), you can observe Omega directly and mathematically extrapolate from possibilities until you narrow down specifics of how it "must" work.

That does depend on exactly how the Wings of Time work and what they can do with them. The screens in the final room indicate they might have the ability to observe across time and space (which would let them examine Omega as you suggested) but they don't seem to have been able to actually travel time prior to G'raha's single trip to the First, judging from the 'final message' we hear in the quest.

With the tower activated and the temporal displacement apparatus online, all that remains is to throw the switch. And pray.