I can confirm this is a problem with the data centers where FFXIV is hosted just outside of Frankfurt, Germany. We get a lot of packet losses to the Chaos 195.82.50.9:

C:\Users\xxxx>ping -n 100 195.82.50.9

Pinging 195.82.50.9 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 195.82.50.9: bytes=32 time=42ms TTL=55
Reply from 195.82.50.9: bytes=32 time=49ms TTL=55
Reply from 195.82.50.9: bytes=32 time=50ms TTL=55
Reply from 195.82.50.9: bytes=32 time=45ms TTL=55
Reply from 195.82.50.9: bytes=32 time=48ms TTL=55
Request timed out.
Reply from 195.82.50.9: bytes=32 time=48ms TTL=55
Reply from 195.82.50.9: bytes=32 time=46ms TTL=55
We are on Deutsche Telekom 175Mbit connection. Pinging google servers for example, are not subject to packet losses. We are using Deutsche Telekom's normal DNS servers. Changing to 1.1.1.1 or google's 8.8.8.8 doesn't affect the loss of packet against Chaos 195.82.50.9.