FINAL FANTASY XIV takes place in a realm known as Eorzea.
Eorzea is one of three continents that make up a giant land mass.
Eorzea consists of Aldenard and its surrounding islands.
Aldenard is connected to the land mass containing the other two continents via a land bridge.
Eorzea contains several independently governed city-states, like those found in ancient Greece.
And just like those in Greece, the ones in Eorzea have a long history of war and alliances.
The few that have lasted longest are the thalassocracy of Limsa Lominsa, the commercial sultanate of Ul'dah, and the forest city-state of Gridania, which some users have commented reminds them of an ancient Japanese polis.
However, the powerful and aggressive Garlean Empire has begun their slow advance on the city-states, making the current situation in Eorzea similar to the months before the Persian Empire marched on Greece.