Just as the seventh Calamity turned Coerthas into a glacier, it is implied Thanalan became a desert in the third Calamity (the solar flare one).
Which brings my attention to the First. As the fall of Dalamud did not happen in Norvrandt, Il Mheg has a climate similar to Coerthas in 1.0. Yet, at the far south, Ahm Araeng looks like even more of a desert than Thanalan, despite the cycle of calamities presumably not shaping it like the Source.
So is this an oversight or did some of the earlier Calamities bleed over to the shards?