The Magic classes have an interesting spin on this. Thumagury, Conjurery, Black Magic and White Magic all have the traditional "mage" aesthetics and feeling. Spells are certain elemental aspects and what you use them for is up to your intent. Astrologin is more or less weaponized... Astrology...

Archanist, Summoner and Scholar turn the traditional "mage" tropes on its head. Spells are essentially weaponized math and geometry and Carbuncles, Egis and Fairies are probably more like really advanced AI then anything else. The mentality behind Archanists and Summoners has more in common with how computer programmers think then how traditional mages think. It's all about what is the most efficient way to get something done. Or... Archanists probably have more in common with how the engineers in the Ironworks think then with how the rest of the mage classes think.