Summary: The Play guide is missing details on the Furiten (or Sacred Discard rule), which I believe is in effect.
I've been enjoying the implementation of the Mahjong mini-game in patch 4.5 (aside from the unfair requirements to get the orchestrian roll). However, one thing has bugged me since I started playing through FFXIV. The Play Guide doesn't mention a rule used in Riichi Mahjong that might confuse newer players - the furiten rule.
What is it?
The basic rule states that if you are waiting on one or more winning tiles (regardless of whether you are in Riichi or not) and one of them is in your discards, you cannot Ron off any player, even if you have a valid yaku (you can still Tsumo the tile).
Here's an example/proof or the rule in effect:
https://imgur.com/a/UY0gMeN
I've had to chi the 6 characters due to there being barely any left to maintain a Mixed Triple Chi yaku (the same chi sequence in 3 different suits - so 678 Bamboo, 678 Characters and 678 Circles). I could not have won the hand at that point (even though the 6 characters completes my hand) as I had a 567 Bamboo at the time and therefore no yaku.
I throw out the 5 Bamboo and it gets chi'd. The player then throws an 8 Bamboo, which is what I need to complete my hand with a yaku! Except the game doesn't allow me. I know why this is since I've played Riichi Mahjong before playing it in FFXIV. Because I'm waiting on the 5 or 8 Bamboo and the 5 Bamboo is in my discards, I'm in the "furiten" state. I can only win with a Tsumo now unless I change my waiting tiles.
Why is it important?
The rule is there not only to force players to be more careful with their discards, but also for the other players. When you know the rule is in effect, you can defend against a certain player by matching a tile from their discards, safe in the knowledge that they cannot Ron off it. Of course, other players aren't affected if that tile isn't in their discards but generally you can get an idea of which hand is looking most dangerous and defend yourself against it - for example if Riichi is called or a player has 9 pons or chis of a suit or a pon of dora (3 Han).
Newer players will tend to build hands based off the basic yaku and may at some point end up in this situation without realising and make the game confusing.
I don't know if it was intended that furiten was in the mini-game, or if the devs just forgot about it, but if the rule is in effect, then it should be listed in the Play Guide and the Mahjong tutor, just as a reference and as a guide for newer players.
Hopefully I'm not wrong here. I did check it before I wrote this post. Hopefully it's of help and the devs spot it so they can explain why the rule is missing from the Play Guide.