BACKGROUND
In lieu of the game developers posting any details on the materia or stat changes I have decided to take matters into my own hands with regard to the probability of what materia you can expect to get by converting gear.
Please see my blog for other information and testing:
Deus Diabolus' Blog
Over the last month I have collected log entries for all materia I have converted. Special thanks goes to my LS, Gin Ichimaru, Khymerra Rhae, Mizzy Lowe, Dark Chops for helping me convert all this gear.
I wrote a program to count and calculate the probability to create each specific materia for the gear I mass produced. Pay close attention to the gears where I converted over 100 for more accurate readings.
GOOGLE SPREADSHEET RESULTS -- UPDATED 2/10
Initial analysis showed a correlation between:
--The type of materia you can insert into gear slot X
--The type of materia you will receive by converting gear that equips to slot X
UPDATE 11/7
I have fully analyzed the results in an optimal format. I created a conversion probability chart organized by materia of each grade in one dimension and the number and percentage for each gear of each slot converted via parsing logs in the other dimension.
Further, cells that coincide with gear slots where that materia can be melded are highlighted to show the correlation or lack thereof indicated by my initial analysis above.
The Raw Data is still retained and is in a separate tab in the spreadsheet. The Ranks of all gears are now indicated. Gears of less than Rank 41 are removed.
MATERIA STAT WITHIN EACH GRADE
The quality of the stat on each materia obtained will not be published here, but I can tell you that materia of say MNDIV or STRIV +16, 17, 18, 19, 20. The probability of obtaining each point respectively within the grade IV stat materia is roughly: 40%, 40%, 15%, 0%, 5%. These are not parsed measurements but to give you a rough idea of the rarity. According to tymora in the reply below, the dat files were observed to confirm that the +19 does not exist.
UPDATE 2/10
--Updated the results to reflect a 2-3x increase in raw data to produce more accurate assimilation probabilities
--Integrated the December 1 Lodestone assimilation table to definitely show that empty cells mean the materia is not able to be assimilated from that slot. Items with numbers other than zero are results I myself saw and integrated into the probability calculation.
--Green cells continue to be accurate and show that that type of materia is able to be melded to that slot.
--Raw data is provided on the second sheet.
--This is my final update.