The way queuing works in XIV is it's based on data center. So anyone on the same data center with you is a potential party member if they are queuing for something in the same roulette scope/same dungeon as you are. Sometime, unfortunately, you will run into people like the ones who you have already met, but more often than not, there is practically no chatting in dungeons aside from the initial hello and final thank you. Of course there are exceptions, but that goes with everything.
I'm not sure if it was because of the data center, time of day, or just bad luck getting people who honestly have no patience to help new players. But, it typically does get better(sometimes it takes a transfer off the center to not be a part of that).