There are some sadly overlooked chances for training to be sure. Job quests are a good chance to teach about new skills, as people have said.
It is a shame that guildhests were left to drift into obscurity though. Early on they serve as a good way to teach people the basics about playing in a party and how to act in certain situations or against specific mechanics.
It would not be a great chore to have people complete a training guildhest at certain points to be sure they are ready for upcoming content.